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Single-institution experience with ipilimumab in advanced melanoma patients in the compassionate use setting lymphocyte count after 2 doses correlates with survival. Experience in daily practice with ipilimumab for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: an early increase in lymphocyte and eosinophil counts is associated with improved survival. Abstract Interleukin-2 IL-2 is a very well-known cytokine that has been studied for the past 35 years.

It plays a major role in the growth and proliferation of many immune cells such NK and T cells. It is an important immunotherapy cytokine for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. Systemic delivery of IL-2 has shown clinical benefit in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma patients.

However, its use has been limited by the numerous toxicities encountered with the systemic delivery. Intravenous IL-2 causes the well-known capillary leak syndrome, or the leakage of fluid from the circulatory system to the interstitial space resulting in hypotension low blood pressure , edema, and dyspnea that can lead to circulatory shock and eventually cardiopulmonary collapse and multiple organ failure.

Due to the toxicities associated with systemic IL-2, an aerosolized delivery approach has been developed, which enables localized delivery and a higher local immune cell activation. Since proteins are absorbed via pulmonary lymphatics, after aerosol deposition in the lung, aerosol delivery provides a means to more specifically target IL-2 to the local immune system in the lungs with less systemic effects.

Its benefits have extended to diseases other than cancer. A variety of reconstructive procedures are performed on patients who have had a mastectomy. The surgeon forms a breast mound by using an implant or tissues from the abdomen, back, or buttocks.

Implants are silicone sacs filled with salt water or silicone gel. Some of the most common reconstructive procedures are listed below: Breast Reconstruction with Tissue Expander : A balloon-like device is inserted under the skin near the area to be repaired and then gradually filled with salt water over time, causing the skin to stretch and grow.

The time involved in tissue expansion depends on the individual case and the size of the area to be repaired. Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap TRAM — : A muscle-skin flap transfer where the rectus abdominis muscle is divided but kept attached to its blood supply.

It is passed through a connecting tunnel between the elevated chest skin and the inferiorly positioned flap. The muscle is contoured to make a breast mound. Includes a glossary and page featuring common surgical procedures. Left knee: 5. Left hand: 2. Assessment: Wounds of both knees and left hand requiring suture repair. Plan: Follow up in 10 days for suture removal. Call office if there are any problems or complications. Code s Case Study Operative Report Diagnosis: Benign lesion, left ring finger 3 cm Operation: Excision of lesion of left ring finger and repair of defect Findings: The patient is a year-old male referred by his dermatologist for treatment of a recurrent lesion of his left ring finger.

The patient states that the process began approximately six months ago with a rapidly enlarging lesion, which became tender. This was treated initially with cryotherapy and antibiotics, which resulted in gradual recurrence.

This was followed by shave biopsy, which resulted in rapid recurrence and enlargement in size. The risks, benefits, and alternatives to definitive excisional biopsy were therefore discussed with the patient, who has consented to the procedure. Procedure: The patient was taken to the OR, and the entire left hand was prepped and draped in the usual manner. The lesion was identified and marked within a transverse ellipsoid for an excision.

The specimen was excised at the subdermal level with the scalpel. The wound was then irrigated, and hemostasis was restored with electrocautery. The proximal skin flap was then elevated to allow approximation and repair. A dissection was performed over a distance of greater than 1 cm. This allowed advancement of this flap and approximation with minimal tension.

The flap was held in position with sutures of Vicryl. The wound was then dressed with Xeroform gauze and soft cotton sponges. The finger was immobilized in an aluminum splint secure with tube gauze. Chapter 2 Integumentary System Procedure Performed: Excision of right upper arm lipoma Indications for Procedure: The patient is a year-old gentleman with a painful mass in the right upper arm, just lateral to the bicep muscle, and he desired removal.

Details: The patient was taken to the operating room and placed on the table in supine position. After monitored anesthesia care with sedation was begun, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile manner.

An incision was made in a longitudinal fashion along the upper arm over the 2. Bipolar electrocautery was used to obtain hemostasis; a twolayer closure was performed using Vicryl for the deep layer and a running Monocryl on the skin. Dermabond was then applied. The patient tolerated the procedure well with no complications. He was discharged to the recovery room awake and in good condition. The procedure will be performed with frozen sections.

Procedure: Patient was taken to the OR and placed in supine position. After adequate anesthesia and analgesia, the site was marked. After adequate marking, the patient was prepped in normal fashion. A 15 blade was then used to make an elliptical incision that produced 0. The lesion was removed and sent to the laboratory for frozen section. After wide undermining was performed, the pathology report came back with no evidence of residual tumor.

With this, hemostasis was gained with electrocautery. Steri-Strips and tincture of benzoin was applied. All instruments and sponge counts were correct. Code s Case Study Operative Report Preoperative Diagnosis: Left lower leg ulceration Postoperative Diagnosis: Left lower leg ulceration Operation: Debridement of ulcer of left leg The patient was in the operating room under IV sedation and had the left leg prepped with a Betadine scrub.

There was some surrounding cellulitis. There was no obvious abscess. Full thickness of the necrotic skin was excised down to the fascial level.

There was bleeding in the capillary level of the fascia. The area was dressed with some antibiotic ointment. The leg was elevated, and she was returned to recovery in satisfactory condition. Code s Case Study Emergency Department Record A year-old machinist is seen for evaluation and treatment of a laceration sustained at work this morning from a piece of sheet metal.

The laceration is 5. It is full thickness, extending down through the subcutaneous tissue. Procedure: The wound was cleansed with Betasept and sterile water. All tissue is viable, and no major blood vessels or nerve injuries are apparent. He did have normal sensation and motion of all fingers prior to receiving the local anesthesia.

There were a couple of small subcutaneous blood vessels that were ligated, with Vicryl to achieve hemostasis. No tendon injuries were present. The deep layers of the subcutaneous tissue were reapproximated with interrupted Vicryl.

The skin was closed with Prolene sutures and vertical mattress sutures. Antibiotic ointment was placed, and a bulky sterile dressing was applied. The patient was instructed in wound care and on signs of infection. Discharge instructions were given along with prescription for antibiotic. Following angioplasty and revascularization, the wound has granulated nicely and is ready for skin grafting. The patient agreed to proceed understanding the risks, benefits, and other options.

Chapter 2 Integumentary System Technique: The patient was brought to the operating room and placed on the operating table in the supine position. After adequate induction of anesthesia, the right thigh as well as the right shin was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion to include the foot.

Debridement was performed to the right shin and foot wounds using a curette. The granulated base looked excellent. The Zimmer valvulotome was then used to harvest a 1 inch wide segment of vein from the right thigh. The skin graft was then cut to an approximate size and stapled onto the larger skin wound on the shin. A small piece of the remaining skin was used to cover the wound on the dorsum of the right foot, also stapling this in place.

Reston and Adaptic were used for compression, and a clean, sterile, dry compressive dressing was applied. Tegaderm was applied to the right thigh after applying topical adrenaline. The patient was then transferred to the recovery room in stable condition, having tolerated the procedure well. Code s Case Study Operative Report Preoperative Diagnosis: Basal cell carcinoma of the right leg Postoperative Diagnosis: Basal cell carcinoma of the right leg Operation: Wide excision of the basal cell carcinoma with frozen section.

Closure of the wound by local arrange of tissues. Steri-Strip and Xeroform gauze. It was very small and has been gradually getting larger. The lesion used to form a scab, and the scab would come off and reform. The lesion was not healing, so she consulted her doctor and was referred to a dermatologist, who did a biopsy. The report was a basal cell carcinoma. She was referred to me for a wide excision. Examination: Upon examination, there is about a 1.

It is soft, nontender, and mobile on the deeper structures. It has a pinkish surface. Procedure: While the patient was lying supine on the operating table, the right leg and thigh were cleaned with pHisoHex, and sterile drapes were applied.

The incision was marked with about 3 mm of margin using a marking pen, and local anesthetic was then infiltrated under the markings. An incision was made with the help of a 15 blade. The incision was deepened down to the subcutaneous level, and the lesion was excised from the subcutaneous level with the help of a 15 blade. The specimen was sent for frozen section, which revealed the margins were clear.

Hemostasis was achieved by saline compresses. The wound edges were first aligned in position by advancing from the sites and held up in position using interrupted nylon sutures. There were dog ears at each end, and these dog ears were marked with a marking pen and excised with the help of a 15 blade. The remaining wound was then sutured using interrupted nylon sutures. The suture line was dressed with one-half inch Steri-Strips, Xeroform gauze, dry gauze, and a cling bandage; dressing was applied.

The patient tolerated the procedure well and left the room in good condition. Wide excision of malignant melanoma, Clark Level I, right shoulder with wide undermining, rotation, and advancement flap reconstruction. Excision of left heel pigmented neoplasm, rule out dysplasia verus melanoma with repair. The right shoulder lesion was outlined with Brilliant Green in the lines of relaxation, excised in fullthickness fashion down to the fascial level.

The excised diameter of the lesion was 6. Undermining over the fascial level was then performed with rotation flaps elevated into position and sutured deeply at the fascial level with PDS interrupted, PDS superficial dermis, and PDS running intracuticular on the skin. My attention was then turned to the left heel, where the pigmented neoplasm was outlined in Brilliant Green; excised diameter 1.

Lesion was excised in full-thickness fashion and closed in layers at the non-muscle fascial level and black nylon interrupted on the skin. The mass was not palpable. Therefore, the patient was scheduled for needle localization biopsy.

Procedure: The patient was brought to the surgery center and then taken to the main operating room. After general endotracheal anesthesia was obtained, the patient was prepped in the usual sterile fashion. Earlier in the morning, the patient had been sent to radiology, where needle localization of the mass in question was performed.

When the wire was identified, a small Kelly was placed on the wire, and another Kelly over this, and the wire was then pushed through the skin and grasped beneath the skin. Dissection was then carried around the specimen in a posterior fashion. This was done using Metzenbaum scissors. The specimen was then removed. It was noted that the wire was within the specimen that was removed.

Chapter 2 Integumentary System The specimen was sent to pathology. Hemostasis was then carefully obtained using electrocautery. After packing the wound and irrigating the wound, electrocautery was once again used to obtain hemostasis. It was noted by radiology that the specimen that was excised contained the area in question. After hemostasis was once again carefully checked, the skin was closed with Dexon in a running subcuticular fashion.

The patient was extubated in the operating room and transferred to the recovery room in stable condition. AMA for coding multiple procedures performed during arthroscopic knee surgeries. Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal System 41 General Rule for Referencing Notes As a general rule, coding professionals need to review the coding guidelines that appear throughout the surgical sections.

For example, a long explanatory note appears before code , which provides definitions and references for accurately reporting CPT code assignments. Introduction The musculoskeletal system provides form, stability, and movement to the human body. In addition to bones, the system includes muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and connective tissue. This chapter will focus on common surgical procedures related to incisions, wound exploration, treatment of fractures, bunions, and endoscopic techniques.

A Anterior view. B Posterior view. In this case, the CPT code would be selected from the musculoskeletal system section. Wound Exploration—Trauma e. An accurate code assignment depends on a thorough review of health record documentation to obtain key pieces of documentation, such as the exact location of the fracture and type of treatment. The treatment of a fracture depends upon the type and location of the fracture and if there are any other injuries. As an example, treatment of a fracture or dislocation of the forearm and wrist reveal a code selection of more than 30 codes.

It is important to remember that the code assignment should reflect the work and technique performed by the physician. Fracture reduction may be performed by open surgical or closed nonsurgical techniques. The following definitions will provide an overview of the common types of treatment: Closed Treatment Closed treatment involves traction, casts, splints, or braces. A closed reduction realigns the bone by manipulation without a surgical incision. The physician pushes the broken bone into position.

Several CPT codes differentiate between with and without manipulation. Figure Closed manipulation reduction of fractured left humerus Open Treatment with Internal Fixation The surgical management of a fracture is described as an open reduction.

The surgeon reduces the fracture into its normal alignment, and then it is held together with the use of internal fixation devices. A Fracture of femoral neck. B Internal fixation pins are placed to stabalize the bone; these are not removed. A Fracture of femur epiphysis.

B External fixation stabilizes the bone and is removed after the bone has healed. Pins or screws are put through the skin and bone above and below the fracture. These are connected to metal bars on the outside of the skin to form a frame around the fracture. With radiologic guidance, the surgeon places a fixation e. Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal System 45 Coding for Splinting, Strapping, and Casting Procedures For CPT coding, guidelines state that strapping and casting services is included in the surgical services and not reported separately.

If the service is provided in the emergency department for comfort or stabilizing and the patient is to follow up with another physician for definitive fracture treatment, only the splinting, strapping, or casting code is reported. In this type of situation, do not assign a CPT code for fracture treatment without a reduction. The only time closed treatment is assigned is when the entire fracture treatment is performed during that episode of care, with no reduction planned.

The patient is diagnosed with a displaced fracture of the proximal end of the right femoral neck. Percutaneously, the surgeon inserts pins to stabilize the fracture. A long leg cast was applied. The patient is admitted for a nonunion fracture of the left proximal tibia. The surgeon performs an open reduction with bone grafting from the iliac crest.

The surgeon performs an open reduction internal fixation ORIF for a Monteggia fracture and application of a splint. A year-old male is seen in the emergency department ED after suffering a left arm injury in a football game.

The X-ray reveals a radius shaft fracture. The ED physician applies a short arm splint static and instructs the patient to see the orthopedic surgeon tomorrow.

Abstract of emergency department record: Patient seen in the ED following a fight that resulted in a stabbing of his left thigh. The area was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. The wound was extended posteriorly as it was opened. A small vessel was suture ligated with silk sutures.

The wound was explored down to the muscle fascia. The fascia was sutured with three simple sutures of Prolene. The wound was then irrigated and subcutaneous simple sutures of Vicryl were applied.

The skin was closed with interrupted vertical mattress sutures of nylon. The wound was treated with Neosporin ointment and bandages. He was referred to his primary care physician for follow-up. Code s Surgical Treatment of Spine Vertebral Column The spine is divided into four regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal Figure Arthrodesis Spine fusion arthrodesis is a surgical procedure that joins, or fuses, two or more vertebrae.

The procedure is often performed to stabilize the spine after a traumatic injury, infection, or tumor. During the procedure, bone is taken from the pelvic bone or from a bone bank.

For coding purposes, bone-grafting procedures are reported separately and in addition to arthrodesis — Arthrodesis codes are classified by the anatomical approach used and the technique used to accomplish the fusion. Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal System 47 Spinal Instrumentation Spinal instrumentation utilizes surgical procedures to implant devices into the spine to provide stability.

Types of devices include rods, hooks, braided cable, plates, screws, and threaded interbody cages. Instrumentation codes are reported separately and in addition to arthrodesis — and The surgeon performs a posterior arthrodesis of L5-S1 for degenerative disc disease utilizing morselized autogenous iliac bone graft harvest through a separate fascial incision.

Threaded cylindrical titanium intervertebral cage used for spinal instrumentation. A two-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion with cages L4-L5 and L5-S1. During the procedure, bone was harvested from the iliac crest morselized. Code s Treatment of Bunions Bunions are a bony protuberance at the base of the big toe. As a result of the bunion, the big toe angles toward the other toes and causes a condition called hallux valgus.

Due to the new angulation of the toe, inflammatory changes cause pain. The deformity is worsened as the metatarsal bone grows a bony protrusion exostosis , and the tendons may eventually become tight, adding to the pain. For surgical intervention, a simple resection requires the bony protuberance on the side of the metatarsal bone to be shaved off.

Further review of the range of surgical treatment of bunion codes — reveals progressively more complex procedures. B Right ankle and foot, superior view. McBride includes a distal soft tissue release. A resection of metatarsal head Mayo is rarely performed for bunions. Distal chevron or concentric osteotomy combines the transverse osteotomy in the coronal plane of the metatarsal neck to lateralize the head. Documentation may also include insertion of bone graft and angle tendon lengthening. An Austin technique is also included in this code.

It is the preferred procedure for hallus valgus interphalangeus. Procedure is performed for severe hallus valgus. The lateral outer and medial inner menisci provide structural integrity to the knee.

An abrupt turn or sudden blow can cause a tear see Figure Arthroscopy permits the surgeon to either repair or remove the damaged meniscus. In certain circumstances, the surgeon may need to perform arthroscopic procedures in different compartments of the same knee during the same operative session.

For example, if the surgeon performs an arthroscopic medial meniscectomy and debrides the area in the patella, a coding assignment of arthroscopic meniscectomy and arthroscopic debridement would be appropriate since the debridement occurred in a different compartment. However, CMS guidelines differ. B Knee joint. Surgeon performs a bunionectomy procedure that resulted in resection of a portion of the medial eminence.

The metatarsal neck was osteomized in a chevron fashion. The surgeon performs an arthroscopy of the shoulder with partial synovectomy. The patient with Medicare insurance undergoes an arthroscopic medial meniscectomy with extensive debridement of the lateral compartment, which takes 20 minutes. CMS for meniscectomy procedures of the knee when they are performed in addition to other surgical treatment in a different compartment of the same knee.

Medical Terminology Assessment Match the following terms with the correct definition. Patella A. Metatarsals B. Chapter 3 3. Medial malleolus C. Femur D. Carpals E. Metacarpals F. Case Studies Case Study Emergency Department Record Chief Complaint: Injury to right fourth and fifth toes History of Present Illness: Patient states that he was running for the phone, and he stubbed his toes on a piece of furniture.

Did this yesterday and has marked ecchymosis noted in the fourth and fifth toes of the right foot, slight swelling also. He states he has been able to ambulate and that his foot does not hurt except for when he walks.

He denies any numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation. He also has an abrasion noted to the distal aspect of the fourth toe. He denies any further injury. Temperature, Pulse, Respirations, General: Patient is alert, oriented, and in no acute distress. Extremities: Shows marked ecchymosis noted in the fourth and fifth toes and in the dorsal aspect of the foot adjacent to the fourth and fifth toes on the right foot.

The patient is tender to palpation over the fourth and fifth digits proximal. Right foot is neurovascularly intact. Sensation is intact. Patient has an abrasion noted to the distal aspect of the right fourth digit. Range of motion is intact. Patient is able to ambulate with a slight limp due to pain.

Remainder of physical exam is normal. Emergency Department Course: An X-ray was taken and revealed a fracture of the fourth and fifth proximal phalanx. Fractures were reduced in the fourth and fifth digits and buddy taped. His post reduction film showed that the fractures were in better alignment.

Patient was fitted for a post-op shoe. Plan: Rest, ice, buddy tape for two weeks, elevate foot, and follow up with family medical doctor if needed. Disposition: Home. We have treated him with anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, and injections of cortisone. None of these have been helpful; therefore, he comes for an arthroscopic evaluation.

Procedure: The patient was brought to the operating room, and, once general anesthesia was obtained, 2 gram IV Kefzol was given, and his knee was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion. The arthroscope was introduced in the lateral portal after medial inflow cannula had been established, and the diagnostic procedure began.

Jeremy Siegel. Stocks for the Long Run. Benjamin Graham. With introduction by Warren Buffett and new commentary by Jason Zweig. Fred Schwed Jr. Where are the Customer's Yachts? Philip Fisher. Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits.

Rick Van Ness. Craig Rowland ; J. Jason Zweig. Paul Farrell. Daniel Solin. Larry Swedroe ; Joseph Hempen. Bill Schultheis. David Swensen. Frank Armstrong. Rational Investing in Irrational Times. Marilyn Cohen. The Bond Bible. Review Discussion. Ridgway USA 1. August Der BND hat zum Davon arbeiten im Ausland ca. Das AMK ist als Tarnung zu sehen. Hier werden mit Hochleistungscomputern, z. Die Aufgabe dieser Abteilung ist z. Deutschen Bundestages. Ein Ergebnis der Verhandlungen war, dass die Organisation ab dem 1.

April ganz aus Bundesmitteln finanziert werden sollte. Ihre Arbeit ist auf vier Jahre begrenzt. Vor allem in der DDR starteten die gegnerischen Geheimdienste eine erfolgreiche Spionageabwehr-Kampagne, zahlreiche Agenten wurden enttarnt, verhaftet und verurteilt. Diese Abriegelung ging dem Bau der Berliner Mauer voraus.

Angeblich auf Druck Bernd Schmidbauers, unter Bundeskanzler Helmut Kohl Geheimdienstkoordinator im Bundeskanzleramt, seien die staatsanwaltschaftlichen Ermittlungen gegen Volker Foertsch Anfang niedergeschlagen worden; Foertsch wurde rehabilitiert und ging in Pension. Dies erwies sich als eine Falschbehauptung der Anklage.

Laut Foertschs Aussage im Februar war aber mindestens Bernd Schmidbauer als damaliger Staatsminister im Kanzleramt informiert gewesen.. Laut Spiegel Online vom Dezember war die Rolle des BND jedoch noch brisanter. So bezeichnet der US-General a. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt bestand der Verdacht, dass Murat A. Gegen Murat A. Kremer lehnte die Zusammenarbeit ab. Er verlor den Auftrag und geriet in finanzielle Schwierigkeiten. Das Ermittlungsverfahren gegen Kremer wurde am Mai von der Staatsanwaltschaft Bremen mangels Tatverdacht eingestellt und am April 2 Gerhard Wessel — 1.

Dezember 4 Eberhard Blum — September 2. April 4. Mai 2 Horst Wendland — 8. Mai August 4 Norbert Klusak — 1. Zudem soll das Projekt bereits im Sommer abgelehnt worden sein. Wie sich der BND dem Terrorismus stellt.

Campus, , ISBN Metropol Verlag. Berlin, S. Berlin Der deutsche Geheimdienst im Nahen Osten. Klaus Kinkel und der BND. In: Klaus Beyrer Hrsg. Oktober bis Der Bundesnachrichtendienst wird 50 Jahre alt.

Juli , abgerufen am Juli Zum Beschluss vom Christoph Links Verlag, Berlin , S. Ilja Seifert u. Die Stasi forschte nach NS-belasteten westdeutschen Geheimdienstlern — einige Akten wurden nun freigegeben. Von Constanze von Bullion. Juli , S. Februar , S. November ; siehe auch Klaus Wiegrefe: Historikerkommission.

In: Spiegel Online, August in den Akten des Bundesnachrichtendienstes. Juni [59] Bundestag. Februar Hinzu kommt noch die Vogelweh Housing Area in Kaiserslautern.

Seinem Sohn Franz gelang es bis , sie ganz in sein Eigentum zu bringen. Mai an den Folgen einer dabei erlittenen schweren Verwundung. Allerdings hatte Karl IV. Burg Nanstein 55 Teilrestaurierung Seit Mitte des Teile der Burg konnten wiederhergestellt werden. Die heutige Ruine ist knapp Meter lang und 50 Meter breit.

Die Anlage gliedert sich in eine zentrale Hauptburg und eine mehrteilige Vorburg. Vom Burghof aus liegt links der ehemalige Rittersaal.

Die Treppenstiege erklimmt eine Plattform mit weitem Ausblick vor allem nach Norden. Hier soll der Ritter am 1. Mai erlag. Besonders imposant wirkt der teilweise wieder aufgebaute Batterieturm aus der Zeit Franz von Sickingens. Aus Anlass des Burgen in der Nordpfalz. Mai wurde er erstmals vor Gericht gestellt. Dort fand die Polizei auch erstmals Hinweise auf ihn. Offenbar war er aus seiner eigenen Gruppe heraus verraten worden.

Die Polizei stellte ihm daraufhin eine Falle. Nach seiner Verurteilung am Dort beteiligte sich Debus ab dem Anfang April fiel er bei einem dieser Termine ins Koma und verstarb am Nach Bekanntwerden seines Todes wurde der Hungerstreik beendet.

Bereits am April wird die Freilassung von 26 politischen Gefangenen gefordert, unter denen auch Sigurd Debus genannt wird. Wir wissen noch gar nicht, was da vorliegt, wie viele Verletzte und was da alles ist. Er will sich erst ein Bild verschaffen. Wir konnten sehen, dass die letzten Schwerverletzten in US-amerikanische Hubschrauber verladen wurden.

Wir konnten noch einzelne Pritschenfahrzeuge sehen, auf denen Verletzte lagen, die abgefahren wurden. Nachdem es nicht gelang, einen Einsatzleiter bzw. Es gab keinen. Es war kein Arzt bei diesem Transport. Es gab insgesamt etwa Verletzte. Allerdings wurden die Traumata der Opfer nie anerkannt.

September siehe Diskussion [12] US-Fernsehbericht vom Bauszus: War Ramstein ein Mordkomplott? Mix mir einen Drink.

Geplant war die Beschaffung von bis zu Maschinen. Lockheed C-5 65 Produktion Der Erstflug fand am S in einem Flug auf; z. Ihr Erstflug fand am September statt, die Maschinen wurden von Januar bis April ausgeliefert. Ein erster Testlauf der neuen Motoren an einer C-5 fand im Januar erfolgreich statt. Mai zelebrierte Lockheed Martin den Rollout und am Schulterdecker infrage. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass beim Einsatz von halbbefestigten Pisten allzu viel aufgewirbelter Blick in den Frachtraum der Galaxy Staub angesaugt wird.

Der Laderaum ist 37 m lang, 5,8 m breit und 4,1 m hoch. Somit kann die C-5 Galaxy Soldaten plus Besatzung aufnehmen, wenn sie als Truppentransporter eingesetzt wird. November traf die erste C-5M in Dover ein. Bis sollen 52 C-5B bzw. C-5C Maschinen trotz der Kosten von insgesamt 7,7 Mrd. Operation Babylift Landestrecke: 1. Aerospace Publ. Houghton Mifflin Corporation, Boston Der nach einem Typenentwurf des Architekten Wilhelm Kreis — gestaltete Aussichtsturm liegt unmittelbar westlich von Landstuhl auf dem Kirchberg.

Er regte an, auf seine Kosten Der Bismarckturm von Landstuhl. Kreis hatte mit seinem Entwurf einen Wettbewerb der Deutschen Studentenschaft gewonnen. Als Baumaterial wurde vorwiegend roter Buntsandstein aus der Region verwendet. Der Turm konnte rasch fertiggestellt und schon im Jahr eingeweiht werden. Bismarckturm Landstuhl 72 Architektur Der Bismarckturm von Landstuhl wurde auf einem quadratischen Grundriss errichtet. Podest und Sockelgeschoss Der Bismarckturm ist in vier Teile gegliedert: Den untersten Teil bildet ein zweistufiges, quadratisches Podest, das insgesamt etwa zwei Meter hoch ist.

Auf dem Podest steht das ebenfalls rund zweieinhalb Meter hohe Sockelgeschoss des Turms mit dem Turmeingang. Sie wurde mit Kiefern- und Buchenholz befeuert, dem Pech und Werg beigemengt waren. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Until the U. April, "One member of the [parliamentary foreign affairs] committee described the policy as 'effectively torture by proxy'".

April via Internet Archive [4] Off the Record. Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch et al. ProPublica, Hierzu wurde mit dem kleinen Unternehmen Leading Systems Inc. US-Dollar zur Entwicklung der Amber abgeschlossen. Diese Predator kann heute in Belgrad in einem Museum besichtigt werden. Dabei machte der Einsatz in Afghanistan enorme Schwierigkeiten. Von den etwa 60 eingesetzten RQDrohnen gingen 20 verloren, wobei vermutlich keine feindlichem Feuer zum Opfer fiel.

Februar ein Autokonvoi beschossen, in dem Osama bin Laden vermutet worden war. Air Force eingesetzt. General Atomics MQ-1 79 Am Aus dieser Anforderung ging die MQ-1 Predator hervor. Die ersten Serienmaschinen wurden an das Sie soll in Zukunft durch die MQ-9 Reaper ersetzt werden. Der Erstflug des Prototyps erfolgte am 2. Juni ab. Sie ist mit dem kW-Vielstoffmotor Thielert Centurion 1. Die Maschine basiert auf der MQ-9 Reaper besteht also weitgehend aus Verbundwerkstoffen , verwendet aber als erstes Predator-Modell ein Mantelstromtriebwerk.

Normales Startgewicht: ca. Maximales 1. Maximale Flugdauer: ca. Oktober , abgerufen am Mai Obamas ferngesteuerter Krieg. April [5] Insurgents Hack U. In: International Air Power Review. August [8] Flightglobal. April [9] FlugRevue Juni , S. Recht Pakistans oder der USA strafbar sein. Als im Januar John O. Zudem gibt es datenschutzrechtliche Bedenken. Steuerelemente, Bodenstationen, etc.

Meist starten sie nicht autark, sondern mit Hilfe von Katapulten oder Booster-Raketen. Valavanis: Advances in unmanned aerial vehicles — State of the art and the road to autonomy. Haulman: U. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart ISBN Kampfdrohnen im weltweiten Schattenkrieg. In: Peter Strutynski Hg. Wien: Promedia, Artikel auf guardian. In: Truppendienst 2, , S.

Artikel vom Oktober im Portal gq. Interview vom 4. April im Portal sueddeutsche. Juni , gesichtet am 2. Dezember , abgerufen am Juli [21] Drone strikes are police work, not an act of war? Februar und ABC News vom Februar ] [32] [Felix Boor, aaO, S. Februar S.